SEMANTICS AND VALIDITY OF THE VERBS ГОВОРИТЬ - СКАЗАТЬ IN COMPLEX SENTENCES

Abstract

Sheiko E. V. (Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation)

Key words: comment meaning, actual, potential seme, valence, variety of clauses, significative context, distant context, micro-and macro- context.

All verbs that serve as reference in complex sentences are polysemantic. Depending on the intention of the speaker, different meanings of these ambiguous words are in the center of attention. Actualization of differential, potential and comment semes in the verb is possible, first, depending on the context, which acts as the main part of those actualizers, which combine a verb - the reference word in the main part of a complex sentence, i.e. due to the so-called significative context. Second, the meaning of the word is revealed through the lexical filling of the subordinate part, which is known to contain basic information (dictum) of all complex sentence and which represents macro-context. And thirdly, conjunctions are of great importance for communication, which also contribute to the disclosure of the basic meaning of the utterance and the verb implement.

Verbs говорить - сказать reveal their meanings in complex sentences due to validity with micro-and macro context and may acquire (besides the basic meaning “verbally express thoughts”) meanings of assurances, beliefs, requests, call for an action, search for results or search for information. Depending on the illocutionary intent of the speaker, these verbs can attach up to five varieties, but sema speech activity is always present in the semantic structure of the verb, and imposes the rest of connotative seme.