Semantic Class of Verbs «Evasion» with от-Prefix in Russian of XI‒XVII Century
Abstract
Dmitry M. Sereda (Taganrog, Russian Federation)
Semantic Class of Verbs «Evasion» with от-Prefix in Russian of XI‒ XVII Century
The article is devoted to historical derivation: we investigate the development dynamics of verbs, which appertain to the semantic class “evasion” with the prefix «от» in the period XI‒XVII centuries. Depending on the method a subject deviate the will of a causator, the studied lexemes are divided into three groups (verbs with the meaning ‘speech evasion’, verbs with the meaning ‘concealment in an unknown place’ and verbs with the general meaning of evasion). Analyzing the denotative structure of verbs we implied the method proposed by N. B. Lebedeva. As a result, we figured out, that the specificity of semantic structure and valency of these verbs is the present mode of implicit conflict of wills.
Thus in the semantic field “verbal evasion” tends to avoid requests or requirements of a causator using verbal or written excuses. The semantic field «hiding in an unknown place» represents situations, when an agent is hiding from a causator somewhere without contacting him directly. Finally, in the situations, described by verbs with general meaning of evasion, there is no emphasis on the indication of a specific method of a subject action.
So we can conclude that the semantic class «evasion» originated in old Russian language, but most of the lexemes constituting it, appeared in the period XI‒XVII centuries, being formed from motivating base morphemes by prefixation and confixation. Later the confix ‘от-…-ся’ became a derivation tool for emergence of new derivatives of this semantic class. In this case, the prefix «от» combining both the meaning of efficiency and the meaning of separateness, as well as the response-reaction, denotes the removal of a subject-agent from the impact of a causator by means of the action expressed by the verbal basic morpheme.
Key words: historical derivation, verb prefix от-, semantic class, denotative structure verbs, situation theme.
DOI 10.23683/1995-0640-2018-3-75-85
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