METHODS OF IDENTIFYING THE SEMANTIC CORE OF THE POLYSEMANTIC ADJECTIVE “HARD” AND ITS FUNCTION
Abstract
Rumyantseva A. S.
Keywords: semantics, the meaning of the word, biology of cognition, lexical prototype, metaphorical transfer.
The article reviews the existing theories of lexical meaning and, in particular, focuses on the method of identifying the semantic core - the lexical prototype - of polysemantic words in modern English. The lexical prototype is a component of the language system and the source of actual meanings of the word. It includes two levels of abstraction: the “nearest” prototype which is the literal meaning and the “further” one - the semantic invariant of the lexical unit. Speakers use their knowledge of the lexical prototype for both the interpretation and generation of meaning according to the actual context.
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